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Tuesday, January 18, 2011

Yitro


Weekly reading: Yitro Ex 18:1-20:23
Haftorah: Isa 6:1-7:6; 9:5-9:6
Suggested HaBerith HaChadashah Reading: Mt 5:8-20
Exo 18:1-27  And Yithro, the priest of Miḏyan, Mosheh’s father-in-law, heard of all that Elohim had done for Mosheh and for Yisra’ĕl His people, that יהוה had brought Yisra’ĕl out of Mitsrayim.
2  And Yithro, Mosheh’s father-in-law, took Tsipporah, the wife of Mosheh – after he had sent her back,
3  and her two sons, of whom the name of one was Gĕreshom, for he said, “I have been a sojourner in a foreign land,”
4  and the name of the other was Eliʽezer, for he said, “The Elohim of my father was my help, and delivered me from the sword of Pharaoh.”
5  Yithro, Mosheh’s father-in-law, came with his sons and his wife to Mosheh in the wilderness, where he was encamped at the mountain of Elohim.
6  And he had said to Mosheh, “I, your father-in-law Yithro, am coming to you with your wife and her two sons with her.”
7  And Mosheh went out to meet his father-in-law, and bowed down, and kissed him. And they asked each other about their welfare, and they went into the tent.
8  And Mosheh told his father-in-law all that יהוה had done to Pharaoh and to the Mitsrites for Yisra’ĕl’s sake, all the hardship that had come upon them on the way, and how יהוה had delivered them.
9  And Yithro rejoiced for all the good which יהוה had done for Yisra’ĕl, whom He had delivered out of the hand of the Mitsrites.
10  And Yithro said, “Blessed be יהוה, who has delivered you out of the hand of the Mitsrites and out of the hand of Pharaoh, and who has delivered the people from under the hand of the Mitsrites.
11  “Now I know that יהוה is greater than all the mighty ones, indeed in the matter in which they acted proudly, above them.”
12  Then Yithro, the father-in-law of Mosheh, brought a burnt offering and other slaughterings unto Elohim. And Aharon came with all the elders of Yisra’ĕl to eat bread with the father-in-law of Mosheh before Elohim.
Second
13  And it came to be, on the next day, that Mosheh sat to rightly rule the people. And the people stood before Mosheh from morning until evening.
14  And when the father-in-law of Mosheh saw all that he did for the people, he said, “What is this that you are doing for the people? Why do you sit by yourself, and all the people stand before you from morning until evening?”
15  And Mosheh said to his father-in-law, “Because the people come to me to seek Elohim.
16  “When they have a matter, they come to me, and I rightly rule between one and another, and make known the laws of Elohim and His Torot.”
17  And the father-in-law of Mosheh said to him, “What you are doing is not good.
18  “Both you and these people with you shall certainly wear yourselves out. For the matter is too heavy for you. You are not able to do it by yourself.
19  “Now listen to my voice. Let me counsel you and Elohim be with you: Stand before Elohim for the people, and you shall bring the matters to Elohim.
20  “And you shall enlighten them concerning the laws and the Torot, and show them the way in which they should walk and the work which they do.
21  “But you yourself, seek out from all the people able men, who fear Elohim, men of truth, hating unfair gain. And place these over them to be rulers of thousands, rulers of hundreds, rulers of fifties, and rulers of tens.
22  “And they shall rightly rule the people at all times. And it shall be that they bring every great matter to you, but they themselves rightly rule every small matter. So, make it lighter for yourself, for they shall bear with you.
23  “If you do this word, and Elohim shall command you, then you shall be able to stand and all this people also go to their place in peace.”
Thirth
24  And Mosheh listened to the voice of his father-in-law and did all that he said.
25  And Mosheh chose able men out of all Yisra’ĕl, and made them heads over the people: rulers of thousands, rulers of hundreds, rulers of fifties, and rulers of tens.
26  And they rightly ruled the people at all times – the hard matters they brought to Mosheh, but they rightly ruled every small matter themselves.
27  And Mosheh sent off his father-in-law, and he went away to his own land.
Fourth
Exo 19:1-25  In the third month after the children of Yisra’ĕl had come out of the land of Mitsrayim, on this day they came to the Wilderness of Sinai.
2  For they set out from Rephiḏim, and had come to the Wilderness of Sinai, and camped in the wilderness. So Yisra’ĕl camped there before the mountain.
3  And Mosheh went up to Elohim, and יהוה called to him from the mountain, saying, “This is what you are to say to the house of Yaʽaqoḇ, and declare to the children of Yisra’ĕl:
4  ‘You have seen what I did to the Mitsrites, and how I bore you on eagles’ wings and brought you to Myself.
5  ‘And now, if you diligently obey My voice, and shall guard My covenant, then you shall be My treasured possession above all the peoples – for all the earth is Mine –
6  ‘and you shall be to Me a reign of priests and a set-apart nation.’ Those are the words which you are to speak to the children of Yisra’ĕl.”
Fifth
7  And Mosheh came and called for the elders of the people, and set before them all these words which יהוה commanded him.
8  And all the people answered together and said, “All that יהוה has spoken we shall do.” So Mosheh brought back the words of the people to יהוה.
9  And יהוה said to Mosheh, “See, I am coming to you in the thick cloud, so that the people hear when I speak with you, and believe you forever.” And Mosheh reported the words of the people to יהוה.
10  And יהוה said to Mosheh, “Go to the people and set them apart today and tomorrow. And they shall wash their garments,
11  and shall be prepared by the third day. For on the third day יהוה shall come down upon Mount Sinai before the eyes of all the people.
12  “And you shall make a border for the people all around, saying, ‘Take heed to yourselves that you do not go up to the mountain or touch the border of it. Whoever touches the mountain shall certainly be put to death.
13  ‘Not a hand is to touch it, but he shall certainly be stoned or shot with an arrow, whether man or beast, he shall not live.’ When the trumpet sounds long, let them come near the mountain.”
14  And Mosheh came down from the mountain to the people and set the people apart, and they washed their garments.
15  And he said to the people, “Be prepared by the third day. Do not come near a wife.”
16  And it came to be, on the third day in the morning, that there were thunders and lightnings, and a thick cloud on the mountain. And the sound of the ram’s horn was very loud, and all the people who were in the camp trembled.
17  And Mosheh brought the people out of the camp to meet with Elohim, and they stood at the foot of the mountain.
18  And Mount Sinai was in smoke, all of it, because יהוה descended upon it in fire. And its smoke went up like the smoke of a furnace, and all the mountain trembled exceedingly.
19  And when the blast of the ram’s horn sounded long and became louder and louder, Mosheh spoke, and Elohim answered him by voice.
Sixth
20  And יהוה came down upon Mount Sinai, on the top of the mountain. And יהוה called Mosheh to the top of the mountain, and Mosheh went up.
21  And יהוה said to Mosheh, “Go down, and warn the people, lest they break through unto יהוה to see, and many of them fall.
22  “And let the priests who come near יהוה set themselves apart too, lest יהוה break out against them.”
23  And Mosheh said to יהוה, “The people are not able to come up to Mount Sinai, for You warned us, saying, ‘Make a border around the mountain and set it apart.’ ”
24  And יהוה said to him, “Come, go down and then come up, you and Aharon with you. But do not let the priests and the people break through to come up to יהוה, lest He break out against them.”
25  And Mosheh went down to the people and spoke to them.

Exo 20:1-23  And Elohim spoke all these Words, saying,
2  “I am יהוה your Elohim, who brought you out of the land of Mitsrayim, out of the house of slavery.
3  “You have no other mighty ones against My face.
4  “You do not make for yourself a carved image, or any likeness of that which is in the heavens above, or which is in the earth beneath, or which is in the waters under the earth,
5  you do not bow down to them nor serve them. For I, יהוה your Elohim am a jealous Ěl, visiting the crookedness of the fathers on the children to the third and fourth generations of those who hate Me,
6  but showing kindness to thousands, to those who love Me and guard My commands.
7  “You do not bring1 the Name of יהוה your Elohim to naught, for יהוה does not leave the one unpunished who brings His Name to naught. Footnote: 1Or lift up, or take.
8  “Remember the Sabbath day, to set it apart.
9  “Six days you labour, and shall do all your work,
10  but the seventh day is a Sabbath1 of יהוה your Elohim. You do not do any work – you, nor your son, nor your daughter, nor your male servant, nor your female servant, nor your cattle, nor your stranger who is within your gates. Footnote: 1There are other Sabbaths, but this is the weekly Sabbath.
11  “For in six days יהוה made the heavens and the earth, the sea, and all that is in them, and rested the seventh day. Therefore יהוה blessed the Sabbath day and set it apart.
12  “Respect your father and your mother, so that your days are prolonged upon the soil which יהוה your Elohim is giving you.
13  “You do not murder.
14  “You do not commit adultery.
Seventh
15  “You do not steal.
16  “You do not bear false witness against your neighbour.
17  “You do not covet your neighbour’s house, you do not covet your neighbour’s wife, nor his male servant, nor his female servant, nor his ox, nor his donkey, or whatever belongs to your neighbour.”
18  And all the people saw the thunders, the lightning flashes, the sound of the ram’s horn, and the mountain smoking. And the people saw it, and they trembled and stood at a distance,
Maftier
19  and said to Mosheh, “You speak with us and we hear, but let not Elohim speak with us, lest we die.”
20  And Mosheh said to the people, “Do not fear, for Elohim has come to prove you, and in order that His fear be before you, so that you do not sin.”
21  So the people stood at a distance, but Mosheh drew near the thick darkness where Elohim was.
22  And יהוה said to Mosheh, “Say this to the children of Yisra’ĕl: ‘You yourselves have seen that I have spoken to you from the heavens.
23  ‘You do not make besides Me mighty ones of silver, and you do not make mighty ones of gold for yourselves.
Haftorah: Isa 6:1-7:6; 9:5-9:6
Isa 6:1-10  In the year that Sovereign Uzziyahu died, I saw יהוה sitting on a throne, high and lifted up, and the train of His robe filled the Hĕḵal.
2  Above it stood seraphim. Each one had six wings: with two he covered his face, with two he covered his feet, and with two he flew.
3  And one cried to another and said, “Set-apart, set-apart, set-apart is יהוה of hosts; all the earth is filled with His esteem!”
4  And the posts of the door were shaken by the voice of him who cried out, and the house was filled with smoke.
5  And I said, “Woe to me, for I am undone! Because I am a man of unclean lips, and I dwell in the midst of a people of unclean lips – for my eyes have seen the Sovereign, יהוה of hosts.”
6  And one of the seraphim flew to me, having in his hand a live coal which he had taken with the tongs from the altar.
7  And he touched my mouth with it, and said, “See, this has touched your lips; your crookedness is taken away, and your sin is covered.”
8  And I heard the voice of יהוה, saying, “Whom do I send, and who would go for Us?” And I said, “Here am I! Send me.”
9  And He said, “Go, and you shall say to this people, ‘Hearing, you hear, but do not understand; and seeing, you see, but do not know.’
10  “Make the heart of this people fat, and their ears heavy, and shut their eyes; lest they see with their eyes, and hear with their ears, and understand with their heart, and shall turn and be healed.”
11  Then I said, “יהוה, until when?” And He answered, “Until the cities are laid waste and without inhabitant, and the houses are without a man, and the land is laid waste, a ruin,
12  and יהוה has removed men far away, and the forsaken places be many in the midst of the land.
13  “But still, there is a tenth part in it, and it shall again be for a burning, like a terebinth tree and like an oak, whose stump remains when it is cut down. The set-apart seed is its stump!”

Isa 7:1-6  And it came to be in the days of Aḥaz son of Yotham, son of Uzziyahu, sovereign of Yehuḏah, that Retsin sovereign of Aram and Peqaḥ son of Remalyahu, sovereign of Yisra’ĕl, went up to Yerushalayim to fight against it, but could not prevail against it.
2  And it was reported to the house of Dawiḏ, saying, “Aram has set up camp in Ephrayim.” And his heart and the heart of his people were moved as the trees of the forest are moved with the wind.
3  And יהוה said to Yeshayahu, “Go out now to meet Aḥaz, you and She’ar-Yashuḇ your son, at the end of the channel of the upper pool, on the highway of the Launderer’s Field,
4  and say to him, ‘Take heed, and be calm; do not fear or be faint-hearted for these two stubs of smoking firebrands, for the fierce displeasure of Retsin and Aram, and the son of Remalyahu.
5  ‘Because Aram, Ephrayim, and the son of Remalyahu have plotted evil against you, saying,
6  “Let us go up against Yehuḏah and tear it apart, and break it open for ourselves, and set a sovereign over them, the son of Taḇe’ĕl.”
Suggested HaBerith HaChadashah Reading: Mt 5:8-20
Mat 5:8-20  “Blessed are the clean in heart,1 because they shall see Elohim. Footnote: 1Ps. 24:3-4.
9  “Blessed are the peacemakers, because they shall be called sons of Elohim.
10  “Blessed are those persecuted for righteousness’1 sake, because theirs is the reign of the heavens. Footnote: 11Pet. 3:14.
11  “Blessed are you when they reproach and persecute you, and falsely say every wicked word against you, for My sake.
12  “Rejoice and be glad, because your reward in the heavens is great. For in this way they persecuted the prophets who were before you.
13  “You are the salt of the earth, but if the salt becomes tasteless, how shall it be seasoned? For it is no longer of any use but to be thrown out and to be trodden down by men.
14  “You are the light of the world. It is impossible for a city to be hidden on a mountain.
15  “Nor do they light a lamp and put it under a basket, but on a lampstand, and it shines to all those in the house.
16  “Let your light so shine before men, so that they see your good works and praise your Father who is in the heavens.
17  “Do not think that I came to destroy the Torah or the Prophets.1 I did not come to destroy but to complete. Footnote: 1The Law and the Prophets is a term used for the pre-Messianic Scriptures.
18  “For truly, I say to you, till the heaven and the earth pass away, one jot or one tittle shall by no means pass from the Torah till all be done.1 Footnote: 1Lk. 16:17.
19  “Whoever, then, breaks one of the least of these commands, and teaches men so, shall be called least in the reign of the heavens; but whoever does and teaches them, he shall be called great in the reign of the heavens.
20  “For I say to you, that unless your righteousness exceeds that of the scribes and Pharisees,1 you shall by no means enter into the reign of the heavens. Footnote: 1Mt. 15:3-9, Mk. 7:7-13, John 7:19, Acts 7:53, Rom. 2:23-27, Gal. 6:13.


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Yitro Aliya Summary



General Overview: In this week's reading, Yitro, Moses' father-in-law, Jethro, arrives at the Israelite encampment, and advises them to set up a smoothly functioning legal system. The Israelites experience the Divine revelation at Mount Sinai and hear the Ten Commandments.

First Aliyah: Jethro, Moses' father-in-law, having heard all the miracles that G‑d wrought for the Israelites, came from his native Midian to the Israelite desert encampment—bringing along Moses' wife and two sons. Moses warmly greeted his father-in-law and recounted to him all that G‑d had done to the Egyptians. Jethro thanked G‑d for all the miracles and offered thanksgiving sacrifices.

Second Aliyah: Jethro observed Moses adjudicating all the disputes that arose among the Israelites. Jethro suggested to Moses that such a system, one that placed such a great burden on Moses' shoulders, would eventually wear him down. Instead, he advised Moses to appoint a hierarchy of wise and righteous judges and to delegate his responsibilities—with Moses presiding only over the most difficult cases. This would also free up Moses' time to teach the Israelites the teachings of the Torah that he hears from G‑d.

Third Aliyah: Moses accepted his father-in-law's suggestion, and set up a hierarchical judicial system. Jethro then returned to his native land.

Fourth Aliyah: Six weeks after leaving Egypt, the Israelites arrived in the Sinai Desert and encamped at the foot of Mount Sinai. Moses ascended the mountain where G‑d gave him a message to transmit to the people. Included in this message was G‑d's designation of the Israelites as "His treasure out of all peoples" and a "kingdom of princes and a holy nation."

Fifth Aliyah: Moses conveyed to the people G‑d's words, who, in turn, accepted upon themselves to do all that G‑d commands of them. G‑d then instructed Moses to have the Israelites prepare themselves, because in three days' time He would reveal Himself atop the mountain to the entire nation. The Israelites were commanded to sanctify themselves and were warned not to approach the mountain until after the divine revelation. On the morning of the third day, thunder, lightning, a thick cloud and the piercing sound of a shofar emanated from the mountaintop. Mt. Sinai was smoking and trembling, while the sound of the shofar grew steadily louder. Moses escorted the shuddering and frightened nation to the mountain, and settled them at its base.

Sixth Aliyah: G‑d descended upon the mountain, and summoned Moses to its summit. G‑d instructed Moses to again warn the Israelites about the tragic end that awaited anyone who approaches the mountain itself. Only Moses and his brother Aaron were allowed on the mountain during this time. G‑d then spoke the Ten Commandments to the Israelite nation. They are: 1) Belief in G‑d. 2) Not to worship idols. 3) Not to take G‑d's name in vain. 4) To keep the Shabbat. 5) To honor parents. 6) Not to murder, 7) commit adultery, 8) steal, 9) bear false witness or 10) covet another's property.

Seventh Aliyah: The Israelites were left traumatized by the overwhelming revelation, the awesome "light and sound" show. They turned to Moses and asked that from thereon he serve as an intermediary between them and G‑d—Moses should hear G‑d's word and transmit it to the people. Moses agreed. The reading concludes with a prohibition against creating idolatrous graven images – considering that no image was seen when G‑d revealed Himself on Mount Sinai – and the commandment to erect a sacrificial altar. The altar stones should not be hewn with iron implements, nor should there be steps leading to the top of the altar.
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